Climate change and biodiversity: forests and oceans

Forests act as a global carbon sink, absorbing one-quarter of the annual global CO₂ emissions from the atmosphere. Deforestation contributes to climate change and is a major cause of habitat and biodiversity loss. Mitigation strategies include forest protection, reducing deforestation for farming, and replanting trees. Oceans act as a global carbon sink, absorbing one-quarter of annual global CO₂ emissions from the atmosphere. High CO₂ levels harm marine biodiversity through ocean acidification and reduced shell formation, alongside overfishing.