Auxins, phototropism and gravitropism
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I can explain how hormones called auxins cause plant shoots and roots to respond to light and gravity.
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Hormones control growth and development in plants, and enable plants to respond to some environmental factors.
Auxins are plant hormones that control tropisms, which are growth responses in plants that provide a survival advantage.
Phototropism in a shoot: auxins build up on the shaded side and cause cell elongation, so it bends towards the light.
Gravitropism in a shoot: auxins build up on the lower side and cause cell elongation, so it bends upwards.
Gravitropism in a root: auxins build up on the lower side but this stops cell elongation, so it bends downwards.
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