Challenges created by urban change: social and economic

Urban change has created social and economic challenges in Liverpool linked to high relative levels of deprivation. The Index of Multiple Deprivation measures relative deprivation at local authority and smaller scales. The six local authorities in the Liverpool City Region are all in top 60 most deprived in England. Knowsley ranks 2nd. Deprivation has a cause and effect link to inequalities in housing, health, employment and education. High deprivation in Liverpool correlates with poor housing, poor health, unemployment and low educational attainment.