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Falcelinta kiimikada: barokaca biraha

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I can explain what happens when one metal displaces another metal from a salt, in solution as well as how carbon can be used to extract metals from ores.

Hordhac

Casharkani wuxuu ku saabsan yahay falgalalka (reactions) kiimiko ee ka saarista biraha, gaar ahaan sida birta uga saarto birta kale cusbada. Waa inaad hore u taqaanid sida biraha loogu kala horreeyo fal-celinta (reactivity) iyo waxa cusbada (salt) yahay. Waxaan kaloo ku baran doonnaa sida kaarboonka loogu isticmaalo in birta laga soo saaro dhagaxa macdanta.

Muuji qoraalka
A more reactive metal will displace another that is less reactive from its salt, in solution. In a displacement reaction magnesium displaces copper from copper sulfate(aq) to form magnesium sulfate (aq) and copper. Displacement reactions can be used to confirm the position of a metal in the reactivity series for metals. A metal ore is typically rock that contains a metal in a form that can be extracted. Carbon can be used to extract some metals from their ores when carbon is more reactive.

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Imtixaannada

  1. 1. Ma aha bir kasta oo la falgasha asiidhka. Kuwa la falgasha, maxaad arki doontaa?

    • Jawaabta saxda ah:daxaleysi ayaa dhaca
    • xumbo (effervescence) ayaa la arkaa
    • wax waliba biyo ayay isu beddelaan
    • falcelintu waa mid kulayl sii daysa (exothermic)

  2. 2. Kee ka mid ah odhaahahan ku saabsan curiyeyaasha birta ah (metal elements) ee **ka sarreeya kaarboonka** (carbon) ee taxanaha falcelinta (reactivity series) waa sax?

    • Jawaabta saxda ah:dhammaantood waxaa loo baahan yahay in lagu soo saaro iyadoo la isticmaalayo koronto-ku-saar (electrolysis)
    • dhammaantood waxay si fudud ula falceliyaan asiidhyada (acids)
    • dhammaantood waxay si fudud ula falceliyaan oksijiinta (oxygen)
    • dhammaantood waxay si fudud ula falceliyaan biyaha qabow
    • dhammaantood waa kuwo aan falcelin (unreactive) ahayn

  3. 3. Kee ka mid ah weedhahan ku saabsan curiyeyaasha birta ah (metal elements) ee **ka sarreeya hydrogen** ee taxanaha falcelinta (reactivity series) waa sax?

    • Jawaabta saxda ah:dhammaantood waxay si fudud ula falceliyaan asiidhyada (acids)
    • dhammaantood waxay si fudud ula falceliyaan ogsijiinta (oxygen)
    • dhammaantood waxay si fudud ula falceliyaan biyaha
    • dhammaantood waa kuwo aan falcelin (unreactive)
    • dhammaantood waxaa lagu soo saari karaa iyadoo lagu beddelo kaarboon (carbon)

  4. 4. Garaafayt (qaab gaar ah oo ka mid ah carbon) waa bir-madax (non-metal). Maxay tahay sababta ay u tahay mid gaar ah?

    • Jawaabta saxda ah:waxay tahay mid si fiican u kaxaysa kulaylka iyo korontada (thermal and electrical conductor)
    • waxay ku taal dhanka bidix ee jaantuska xilliyeedka (periodic table)
    • waxay tahay mid dhalaalaysa oo la jeexjeexi karo (ductile)
    • waxay tahay mid dhawaaq ka soo saarta (sonorous)

  1. 1. Kee ka mid ah weedhahan soo socda ayaa ah matalaad sax ah oo falcelinta barokaca (displacement reactions)?

    • Jawaabta saxda ah:aluminium + tin chloride → aluminium chloride + tin
    • lead + sodium chloride → ma jiro falcelin
    • magnesium + hydrochloric acid → magnesium chloride + hydrogen
    • birta A + cusbada birta B → birta B + cusbada birta A
    • bir + asiidh → cusbada birta + hydrogen

  2. 2. Maxaa laga yaabaa inaad aragto haddii falcelinta barokaca (displacement reaction) dhici karto?

    • Jawaabta saxda ah:isbeddel heerkulka
    • midabku isbeddelo birta adag
    • midabku isbeddelo xalka (solution)
    • xumbo-bax (fizzing)
    • waxba kama hadhin dhamaadka

  3. 3. Fiiri falcelinta thermite: aluminium + iron oxide → iron + aluminium oxide. Maxaa ka duwaya falcelintan marka loo eego falcelinta beddelka (displacement) ee lagu sameeyo shaybaarka si loo xaqiijiyo silsiladda falcelinta (reactivity series)?

    • aluminium ma aha bir, iyo iron oxide ma aha cusbo
    • uma tusinayso in aluminium uu ka falcelin badan yahay iron
    • Jawaabta saxda ah:laguma sameeyo xal milmay (aqueous solution) laakiin waa adag (solids)
    • ma aha mid kulayl sii daaya (exothermic)

  4. 4. Waa maxay sababta loo daro kaarboon (carbon) taxanaha falcelinta birta?

    • Jawaabta saxda ah:in loo isticmaalo meel lagu barbar dhigo marka laga soo saarayo biraha macdantooda
    • in loo isticmaalo meel lagu barbar dhigo biraha la falceliya asiidhka
    • in loo isticmaalo meel lagu barbar dhigo biraha la falceliya ogsijiinta
    • in loo isticmaalo meel lagu barbar dhigo biraha la falceliya biyaha

  5. 5. Maxay tahay sababta ay hydrogen ugu jirto taxanaha falcelinta birta (reactivity series of metals)?

    • waa meel lagu barbar dhigo soo saarista iyadoo la isticmaalayo carbon ama electrolysis
    • waa meel lagu barbar dhigo biraha laga helo xaaladooda dabiiciga ah (native states)
    • Jawaabta saxda ah:waa meel lagu barbar dhigo biraha la falgala asiidhka (acid)
    • waa meel lagu barbar dhigo biraha la falgala oksijiinta (oxygen)

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