Friendships: personal 'a'

'Z' is added before the 'co' to keep the soft 'c' sound in verbs ending in '-cer' or '-cir', e.g. 'conocer' - 'conozco'. To mean ‘you’, -er/-ir verbs end in -es. To mean ‘you all’, -er verbs end in -éis and -ir verbs end in -ís. IOPs indicate the person or thing affected by the verb. Use 'le' to mean 'to, for him, her, it', and 'les' for 'them'. Two structures are possible: subject + verb + indirect object or indirect object + verb + subject. We use the personal ‘a’ before the object when it’s a person or a thing.