Falcelinta kiimikada: aashito iyo karboonayt bir ah

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Bogagga casharka

Faahfaahinta casharka

Natiijada casharka

Waxaan qeexi karaa waxa dhacaya marka karboonayt bir ah uu la falcelo aashito waxaana u qori karaa isla'egyo kiimiko oo qeexaya falcelintan.

Hordhac

Ku soo dhawoow casharkayaga maanta, oo aan ka hadlayno falcelinta kiimikada (chemical reactions) si dheeri ah. Casharkani wuxuu la xiriiraa asiidhyada (acids) iyo karboonaytyada birta (metal carbonates), wuxuuna ka mid yahay cutubka loogu magac daray 'Asiidhyada iyo Saldhigyada' (Acids and Bases). Magacaygu waa Mrs. Mytum-Smithson, maantana waxaan baranaynaa wax kasta oo ku saabsan karboonaytyada birta iyo sida ay uga falceliyaan asiidhyada. Ha ka welwelin haddii aad wax yar ka taqaanid mawduucan, sababtoo ah waxaan ku soo mari doonnaa casharka tallaabo tallaabo, oo dhamaadkiisa waxaad awoodi doontaa inaad sharaxdo waxa dhaca marka karboonayt bir ah uu la falgalo asiidh, iyo sidoo kale inaad qorto isla'egyada kiimikada (chemical equations) ee tilmaamaya falcelintaas.

Muuji qoraalka

A group of one carbon atom and three oxygen atoms bonded together is called a carbonate group. Metal carbonate + acid → salt + water + carbon dioxide The test for carbon dioxide gas is to bubble it through limewater as it turns the solution cloudy (milky). Rain water is usually a little acidic and when it is more acidic than normal it is called acid rain. Acid rain reacts with marble to produce a salt, water and carbon dioxide, using up some of the marble.

Warqadda shaqada

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Imtixaannada

1. Marka sodium hydroxide lagu daro hydrochloric acid, maxaa ku dhaca pH-ga solution-ka?
- Jawaabta saxda ah:wuu kordhaa
- wuu yaraadaa
- isku mid ayuu ahaanayaa
- wuxuu noqonayaa pH7
2. Mid ka mid ah isla'egyadan ayaa ah isla'egta guud ee falcelinta neutralisation (neutralisation reaction)?
- Jawaabta saxda ah:acid + base → cusbo bir ah (metal salt) + biyo
- acid + base → cusbo bir ah (metal salt) + hydrogen
- acid + base → bir (metal) + biyo
- acid + base → cusbo (salt) + biyo
3. Arday ayaa baaraya sida hydrochloric acid loogu ekeysiiyo sodium hydroxide. Waxay ku darsadaan laba dhibic oo universal indicator ah xalka, kaas oo isku beddelay buluug. Maxay tani u sheegaysaa iyaga?
- Jawaabta saxda ah:Ardaygu wuxuu ku daray sodium hydroxide badan oo dheeri ah.
- Xalku waa alkaline (alkaline).
- Ardaygu wuxuu ku daray hydrochloric acid badan oo dheeri ah.
- Ardaygu wuxuu isticmaalay indicator khaldan.

1. Kee ka mid ah kuwan soo socda ayaa ah qaacidada saxda ah ee kooxda karboneeytka (carbonate group)?
- CO₁
- CO₂
- Jawaabta saxda ah:CO₃
- C₂O₃
2. bir ________ + asiid → cusbo bir ah + biyo + carbon dioxide
- sal (base)
- oxide
- nitrate
- Jawaabta saxda ah:carbonate
- sulfate
3. Waa kee mid ka mid ah weedhahan ku saabsan biyaha roobka ee aan sax ahayn?
- Jawaabta saxda ah:Biyaha roobka waxay leeyihiin pH qiyaastii 4.5.
- Biyaha roobka si dabiici ah bay u yihiin kuwo aashito (acid) yar.
- Biyaha roobka oo pH ka sareeya 5.6 waxaa loo yaqaan roob aashito (acid rain).
- Biyaha roobka iyo roobka aashitada labaduba waxay la falgalaan taallooyinka marmarka (marble statues).
4. Waa kuwee kuwan soo socda tusaalooyinka cimilada kiimikada (chemical weathering)?
- Qorraxdu kuleyliso dhagaxyada, taasoo keenta inay balaadhaan oo dildilaacaan.
- Jawaabta saxda ah:Dhagaxa nuuradda (limestone) ah oo si tartiib ah u milma roobka ashitada (acid rain) ah.
- Xididdada geedaha oo ku kora dildilaaca dhagaxyada, iyagoo ballaariya si ay u kala jajabaan.
- Taallooyinka laga sameeyay calcium carbonate oo si aad u tartiib ah u luminaya qaabkooda.

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