Falcelinta kiimikada: dhexdhexaadin (neutralisation)

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Waxaan qeexi karaa waxa dhacaya inta lagu jiro falcelinta dhexdhexaadinta waxaana u qori karaa isla'egyo erayo iyo calaamado ah oo matalaya falcelinno kala duwan oo dhexdhexaadin ah.

Hordhac

Ku soo dhawoow darsiga maanta. Ka hor intaadan daawan, waa inaad hore u garanaysaa sida asiidhyada (acids) iyo saldhigyada (bases) u kala duwan yihiin, iyo sida loo isticmaalo tijaabada pH. Casharkani wuxuu ku saabsan yahay dhexdhexaadinta (neutralization), oo ah nooc ka mid ah falgalka (reaction) kiimikada.

Muuji qoraalka

Neutralisation reaction general equation is: base + acid → metal salt + water. Sodium hydroxide has the formula NaOH(aq) and hydrochloric acid has the formula HCl(aq). In a neutralisation reaction, the metal salt formed is named after the metal (from the base) and acid used. Common bases include metal oxides and hydroxides. (s), (l), (g) and (aq) in chemical equations identify the state of each substance as solid, liquid, gas or in solution.

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Imtixaannada

1. Midabkee ayay universal indicator u beddeshaa marka solution-ku yahay neutral (dhexdhexaad)?
- Jawaabta saxda ah:cagaar
- jaalle
- buluug
- orani
- guduud
2. Mid ka mid ah kuwan soo socda waa magaca cusbada birta ah (metal salt) ee la sameeyo marka sodium hydroxide ay la falceliso nitric acid?
- Jawaabta saxda ah:sodium nitrate
- sodium nitrogen
- nitric hydroxide
- nitrogen oxide
- sodium nitride
3. Waa kuwee qoraallada soo socda ee ku saabsan bases iyo alkalis ay sax yihiin?
- Jawaabta saxda ah:Alkali waa base (sal) ku milma biyaha.
- Base waa walax la falgasha asiidh (acid) oo dhexdhexaadisa.
- Base had iyo jeer waa mid aan ku milmin biyaha.
- Alkali waxay leedahay pH ka yar 7.

1. Sodium hydroxide waa alkali. Marka ay la falceliso hydrochloric acid, waxaa sameysma sodium chloride. Ereyada soo socda kee ayaa loo isticmaali karaa in lagu sharaxo sodium chloride?
- curiye (element)
- Jawaabta saxda ah:isku-dhaf (compound)
- isku-qas (mixture)
- sal (base)
- cusbada birta (metal salt)
2. Waa kee mid ka mid ah kuwan soo socda ee macnaha saxda ah ee astaanta gobolka (aq) ee isla'egta kiimikada?
- Waxay u taagan tahay 'aqua' oo macneheedu yahay biyo.
- Jawaabta saxda ah:Waxay u taagan tahay 'aqueous' oo macneheedu yahay in walax ku milan tahay biyo.
- Waxay la macno tahay dareere (l).
3. Keeya kiimikooyinkan ayaa la isticmaali karaa si loo dhexdhexaadiyo (neutralise) asiidh?
- Jawaabta saxda ah:copper oxide (oksaydh naxaas ah)
- sodium hydroxide (sodium hydroxide)
- sodium chloride (cusbada cuntada)
- phosphorus oxide (oksaydh fosfooras)
4. Marka la sameynayo fal-celin neutralisation, cusbada birta (metal salt) ee la soo saaro waxaa loo magacaabaa birta (base) iyo asiidhka la isticmaalay. Waa maxay magaca iyo qaacidada kiimikada ee cusbada birta ee la sameeyo marka la isticmaalo nitric acid?
- Jawaabta saxda ah:birta nitrate (NO₃)
- birta nitric (HNO₃)
- birta nitrous (N₂O)
- birta nitrogen (N₂)
5. Isticmaal isla'egta guud ee sal (base) + asiidh (acid) → cusbo bir ah (metal salt) + biyo si aad u doorato isla'egta kiimikada saxda ah ee falgalka u dhexeeya sodium hydroxide iyo hydrochloric acid.
- NaOH(aq) + HCl(aq) → NaCl(aq) + H₂O(aq)
- Jawaabta saxda ah:NaOH(aq) + HCl(aq) → NaCl(aq) + H₂O(l)
- NaOH(aq) + HCl(aq) → NaCl(s) + H₂O(l)
- NaOH(aq) + HCl(l) → NaCl(aq) + H₂O(aq)

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